Research
The evidence behind every verse
Every verse in the True Testament is marked Attested, meaning an early writer quoted it from Marcion’s own text, or Probable, meaning it is restored where no quotation survives. This is where you check that evidence, meet the scholars who rebuilt the text before us, and see where they part ways.
Ways in
Start from a reconstruction, a scholar, a witness or the numbers.
CompareWho includes each verseSee which verses the True Testament keeps beside the German scholars, from Hahn, Ritschl, Baur and Hilgenfeld to Zahn and Harnack, and the modern editions of Klinghardt, BeDuhn, Roth, Bilby and Litwa.
Compare the GreekThe Greek, side by sideRead the Greek of Hahn, Zahn and Harnack beside the Greek True Testament for any verse, then open the full studies, which we translated into English.
Our translations, free to read
Imperial FathersThe writers who quoted MarcionTertullian, Epiphanius, Adamantius, Eznik and others wrote against Marcion and preserved his words. Read Tertullian's Against Marcion chapter by chapter in Latin and English.
The NumbersWhat the evidence adds up toHow much of the True Testament the opponents preserved, how many verses two or three writers confirm, and where the evidence runs thin.